An Integrated Model of Motivation

Personal factors

Personality
Ability
Core self-evaluations
Emotions
Attitudes
Needs

Contextual factors

Organizational culture
Cross-Cultural values
Job design
Physical environment
Rewards and reinforcement
Group norms
Communication technology
Leader behavior
Organizational design

Motivation and employee engagement

Behaviors and outcomes

Negative

Counterproductive work behavior
Turnover
Politics
Social loafing
Poor service
Poor quality

Positive

Organizational citizenship
Job satisfaction
Performance
Information sharing
Collaboration
Information sharing
Financial performance

Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory

self-actualization
self-development, self-realization
esteem
self-esteem, recognition, status
love
social needs, sense of belonging
safety
security, protection
physiological
hunger, thirst

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